How Forensic Science is Used in Criminal Investigations

What is Forensic Science?

Forensic science applies natural and physical scientific methods during an investigation process for solving crimes. Equipment is used to analyze an array of evidence to tie a criminal to a crime and victim.

A forensic scientist will examine physical evidence gathered at the crime scene, such as DNA, blood, clothing fibers, tire tracks, firearm residue, drugs, and other chemicals. Then, tests are administered in a laboratory setting to analyze and interpret data so it can be presented in a court of law.

There are several different areas of study in forensic science, each focusing on specific analysis of evidence.

For example, forensic pathologists perform autopsies to determine manner of death. But forensic engineers examine materials to identity defects or sources of materials tied to the crime.

By using high-tech equipment, forensic scientists can help law enforcement track down even the most sharp-witted perpetrator.

Relationship Between Forensic Science & Criminal Investigations

Forensic science provides the criminal justice system with evidence that could be used to convict a suspect even when an eyewitness is not present.

Forensic scientists can be used in the initial investigation at the crime scene, gathering the evidence for further analysis in a laboratory. Then, specialized tests are performed on the evidence according to current testing standards to ensure the evidence can meet the requirements of the trial.

An assortment of forensic scientists and forensic tools may be used to establish facts admissible in a court of law.

The important relationship between forensics and the law ensures both convictions or exonerations occur without bias or injustice.

Also, forensic science is governed by legal procedures and scientific protocols with support from professional communities such as the American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Law enforcement officers may not have the background or complete understanding of the importance of a criminal investigation. That’s why the need for forensic scientists continues to increase and illustrates the need for interdisciplinary forensic studies programs across the country.